Cut... is the simplest form of editing. Cutting is simply joining one shot to another.
A Fade... to black is often used at the end of scenes to signal the changing of scenes. If, however, it is a fade to white it usually signifies the loss of life and, or, conciousness. A fade can also allow the film to progress in time, whether it is by minutes or years.
Dissolve... is used to slow the film down and to relate two shots to one another. Dissolve is rarely used outside of multi-camera productions as it rarely fits in with most single camera projects without looking as clean.
Wipe... is rarely used, but when it is, it is for the change of location. Wipe is usually used along with motion on screen, giving it a smoother look. The wipe transition has been implemented heavily in the Star Wars franchise.
Jump Cut... is used to skip ahead to keep up the pace but keeps the two shots linked by using a constant. For example the beginning of 2001: A Space Odyssey jump cuts from a bone that has been thrown into the air to a sattelite floating through space.
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